Search results for "Heroin dependence"
showing 9 items of 9 documents
Development and validation of a reliable method for studying the distribution pattern for opiates metabolites in brain
2012
Abstract Brain distribution pattern of “street” heroin metabolites (morphine and codeine) was investigated in two fatalities due to “acute narcotism”. A suitable sample pretreatment prior to solid-phase-extraction was developed to achieve a good recovery of the analytes and to eliminate the interfering species. After derivatization with MSTFA, samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity of the method were evaluated; LOD and LOQ were, respectively, 10 ng/25 ng for morphine and 5 ng/10 ng for codeine. This method was applied to the analysis of six brain areas (hippocampus, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, nuclei, bulb and pons) coming from two cases of heroin-r…
New perspectives on the manipulation of opiate urges and the assessment of cognitive effort associated with opiate urges
2000
Behavioral models of drug urges assume that conditioned urges are strongly associated with drug consumption. An alternative, cognitive model assumes that urges represent the operation of cognitively demanding processes devoted to either supporting or blocking the automatized drug-use behavior. In Study 1, the effect of verbal drug cues and mood induction on self-reported opiate urges were examined. Twenty-four opiate addicts were either instructed to listen to verbal drug cures or neutral cues. Negative mood induction was applied on 12 addicts. Study 2 examined the cognitive processes underlying these urges. In a dual task paradigm, participants responded to a probe stimulus and listened si…
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol plasma levels directly correlate with childhood neglect and depression measures in addicted patients.
2008
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has been reported to be involved in vulnerability to alcohol and drug dependence in humans, possibly underlying both addictive behaviour and depression susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interactions between childhood adverse experiences, depressive symptoms and HPA axis function in addicted patients, in comparison with healthy control. Eighty-two abstinent heroin or cocaine dependent patients and 44 normal controls, matched for age and sex, completed the symptoms Check List-90 (SCL-90), measuring depressive symptoms, and the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. Blood samples wer…
Comparative Study of the Perceived Quality of Life of Patients in Treatment for Cocaine and Heroin Dependence in Spain: Differences by Gender and Tim…
2014
This is a cross-sectional study in which we compared the perceived quality of life (QoL) of patients receiving outpatient treatment for cocaine (n = 727) and heroin dependence (n = 469), by analyzing differences by gender and time in treatment. Participants were recruited from addictive behavior centers in Spain in 2004. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref) was used as a measure. Analysis of covariance and multivariate linear regression were used. This study shows the relevance of considering the role of gender in QoL studies, and the need to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in the improvement of QoL. Limitations of the study were noted.
Patient perspectives on methadone maintenance treatment in the Valencia Region: dose adjustment, participation in dosage regulation, and satisfaction…
2005
Desired adjustment of methadone dose, perceived participation in dosage regulation, and satisfaction with methadone treatment centres were assessed in a sample of opioid-dependent patients from the Valencia Region (eastern Spain). An independent interviewer asked 278 consecutively arriving patients to answer the survey, and 165 (59.4%) completed it. Adjustment of methadone dose was assessed with a -10 to +10 visual analogue scale (VAS-MD); participation in methadone dose regulation, with specific questions; and patient satisfaction, with the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale for methadone treatment (VSSS-MT). The methadone dose (mg/d) prescribed by physicians was (mean+/-S.D.) 68.0+/-30.4. …
“Puffy hand syndrome”
2016
Resume La toxicomanie intraveineuse est responsable de nombreuses complications notamment cutanees et infectieuses. Il existe un syndrome rarement observe en rhumatologie se traduisant par des « grosses mains » : le puffy hand syndrome. Nous en rapportons deux cas rencontres en consultation de rhumatologie chez deux patients toxicomanes. Il s’agit d’un œdeme des mains, bilateral, indolore, ne prenant pas le godet, survenant chez un de nos patients pendant l’intoxication par heroine, et chez l’autre 2 ans apres avoir arrete ses injections. Chez nos deux patients les bilans complementaires (biologiques, radiologiques, echographiques) etaient sans particularite, ce qui a permis dans le context…
Saliva testing after single and chronic administration of dihydrocodeine.
2001
In the present study, concentrations of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites in saliva and serum were compared after single low-dose and chronic high-dosage administration of the drug. In the first investigation, blood and saliva were collected periodically from six subjects after oral administration of 60 mg dihydrocodeine. In the second study, 20 subjects on oral dihydrocodeine maintenance provided single samples of blood and saliva simultaneously. Serum protein binding of salivary analytes and their recovery from the adsorbing material of the collection device as well as pH values of saliva samples were determined. The fluids were analyzed for dihydrocodeine and the major metabolites by hi…
From political controversy to a technical problem? Fifteen years of opioid substitution treatment in Finland
2013
Abstract Background The aim of the article is to analyze changes in opioid substitution treatments (OST) in Finland. OST spread in Finland in the late 1990s and early 2000s (Phase 1). Since then, OST has become an integrated part of Finnish drug policy and is provided in various substance abuse treatment units as well as in municipal health centers (Phase 2). Methods The paper analyses the policy around the implementation of opioid substitution treatment in Finland, focusing on identifying the key factors and the relations between them that have contributed to the implementation of OST in Finland. Results OST has become accepted in Finland during the past ten years as a crucial element of a…
The most 100 cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. A bibliometric cross-sectional analysis
2021
The number of citations a peer-reviewed article receives is often used as a measure of its importance and scientific impact. This paper identifies, describes and categorizes the highly cited papers in addiction research on cannabis, heroin, cocaine and psychostimulants. Highly cited papers were identified in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Several bibliometric indicators were calculated. Social network analysis was applied to draw groups of authors and institutions with the greatest number of collaborations and co-words. The number of citations for the top 100 cited articles ranged from 649 to 4,672. The articles were published in 40 journals. The subject category Substance Abu…